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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round with a tricky array DP problem. The question looked deceptively like a greedy problem at first glance but needed a proper DP formulation to handle the conflict cases correctly.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You have an array of n cities, each with a population value and a binary tag (0 or 1). Tags marked 1 can optionally move one position left or right, but no two tags can occupy the same city. If a conflict arises, you pick whichever placement yields more revenue. Maximize total revenue, where revenue is the sum of populations at cities that end up with a tag of 1.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

My first instinct was greedy, just slide each tag toward the highest neighbor.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints and edge cases, then propose a dynamic programming solution that processes cities left to right, tracking the state of the previous city's tag placement. Discuss trade-offs between time and space complexity, and consider greedy alternatives if applicable.

Pro tip: Demonstrate maturity by explicitly stating assumptions (e.g., tags can only move once, or multiple times?) and discussing how the solution scales for large n, showing awareness of Amazon's leadership principles like Customer Obsession and Dive Deep.

1. Clarify the Problem

Ask questions to resolve ambiguities: Can tags move multiple times? Is movement simultaneous? What happens if multiple tags compete for the same city? Confirm the goal is to maximize sum of populations where tags end up.

2. Define State and DP

Define DP state as dp[i][prev] where i is the current city index and prev indicates whether the previous city has a tag (0 or 1). Consider transitions based on whether the current tag moves left, stays, or moves right.

3. Handle Conflicts

When two tags want the same city, choose the placement that yields higher revenue. This may require considering both tags' populations and possibly backtracking or using a greedy choice within the DP.

4. Optimize and Analyze

Optimize space to O(1) if possible, and analyze time complexity (likely O(n)). Discuss potential greedy or flow-based alternatives and their trade-offs.

5. Test and Validate

Walk through small examples, edge cases (n=1, all tags 1, no tags 1), and verify the DP recurrence. Mention how to handle large inputs efficiently.

Key Points to Mention

  • Dynamic programming with state representing previous city's tag placement
  • Time and space complexity analysis (O(n) time, O(1) space if optimized)
  • Handling conflicts by comparing populations and choosing max revenue
  • Edge cases: no tags, all tags, n=1, tags at boundaries
  • Trade-offs between DP and greedy approaches
  • Scalability for large n and potential use of greedy with priority queue

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.