My first instinct was Dijkstra but the grid was unweighted so BFS was obviously the right call.
Model the grid as a graph where each traversable cell is a node connected to its valid neighbors (up, down, left, right). Use BFS to find the shortest path because all edges have equal weight. If the grid has varying costs, use Dijkstra's algorithm with a priority queue.
Pro tip: Clarify with the interviewer whether diagonal moves are allowed and whether the grid has uniform costs. Also, discuss how to handle edge cases like no path existing or the start/end being blocked.
Ask about movement rules (4-directional vs 8-directional), cell costs (uniform or weighted), and constraints (grid size, obstacles). Confirm the output format (path length or actual path).
For uniform costs, BFS is optimal. For weighted costs, use Dijkstra's algorithm. Mention that A* with a heuristic (e.g., Manhattan distance) can be more efficient if the grid is large.
Use a queue for BFS or a priority queue for Dijkstra. Track visited cells to avoid cycles. For path reconstruction, maintain a parent map.
Check if start or end is blocked, if no path exists, or if the grid is empty. Return -1 or an empty path as appropriate.
State time and space complexity: O(V+E) for BFS, where V is number of cells and E is number of edges (up to 4V). For Dijkstra, O(E log V).
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.