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Carvana·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Jun 2026Remote

Summary

Carvana software engineer interview with a classic number-to-words coding problem. Not the hardest problem out there but the edge cases pile up fast and I underestimated how much bookkeeping was involved.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a nonnegative integer up to 2,147,483,647, write a function that returns its English words representation (e.g. 1234567 becomes 'One Million Two Hundred Thirty Four Thousand Five Hundred Sixty Seven').

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

Looked straightforward and then I started coding and realized I had no clean way to handle the thousands/millions/billions groupings without repeating myself.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Break the problem into chunks of three digits (thousands, millions, billions) and convert each chunk to words using a helper function. Then concatenate the chunks with appropriate scale words (Thousand, Million, Billion) and handle edge cases like zero and multiples of ten.

Pro tip: Mention that you would clarify the expected output format (e.g., spaces, hyphens, 'and') and discuss trade-offs between a recursive vs. iterative approach, showing attention to detail and scalability.

1. Clarify requirements and edge cases

Ask about the exact format (e.g., 'One Million' vs 'one million'), handling of zero, and whether to include 'and' or hyphens. Confirm the range and that the input is nonnegative.

2. Design a helper for numbers < 1000

Create a function that converts any number from 0 to 999 into words using arrays for ones, teens, and tens, and handling hundreds with 'Hundred'.

3. Process the number in chunks of three digits

Iteratively extract the last three digits, convert them using the helper, and prepend the appropriate scale word (Thousand, Million, Billion).

4. Assemble and format the final string

Concatenate the chunk representations with spaces, ensuring no extra spaces and handling the special case of zero.

5. Test with edge cases and discuss complexity

Verify with inputs like 0, 100, 1000, 1000000, and 2147483647. Mention time complexity O(n) where n is number of digits, and space O(1) for fixed-size arrays.

Key Points to Mention

  • Modular design with a helper function for numbers under 1000
  • Handling of scale words (Thousand, Million, Billion) and chunking by 3 digits
  • Edge cases: zero, numbers with zeros in chunks (e.g., 1001), and multiples of ten
  • Time and space complexity analysis
  • Trade-offs between recursive and iterative approaches
  • Importance of clarifying output format and assumptions

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.