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Amazon·Software Engineer·Online Assessment (OA)·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE online assessment with a classic word break problem. Pretty standard stuff if you've done any backtracking before, but the output format tripped me up a bit.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given a string and a dictionary of words, find all ways to insert spaces into the string so that every resulting word exists in the dictionary. Return all valid sentences.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

This is word break II basically.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints (e.g., dictionary size, string length, whether words can be reused) and then propose a recursive backtracking solution that tries all possible word breaks. Optimize with memoization to avoid recomputing overlapping subproblems, and analyze time/space complexity.

Pro tip: Mention that this is essentially the 'Word Break II' problem and that you would use memoization to cache results for each starting index, which drastically reduces redundant work. Also, discuss how you would handle large inputs by considering pruning or using a trie for the dictionary.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Ask about input sizes, dictionary characteristics (e.g., case sensitivity, duplicates), and expected output format. Confirm whether the same word can be used multiple times and if the entire string must be segmented.

2. Outline a recursive backtracking approach

Explain that you will recursively try every possible prefix of the remaining string; if the prefix is in the dictionary, recurse on the remainder and combine the prefix with the results from the remainder.

3. Optimize with memoization

Use a hash map to store results for each starting index to avoid recomputing the same subproblem. This reduces time complexity from exponential to polynomial in many cases.

4. Analyze complexity and edge cases

Discuss time and space complexity, considering the number of valid sentences and the length of the string. Mention edge cases like empty string, no valid segmentation, and very long strings.

5. Discuss potential improvements

Mention using a trie for the dictionary to speed up prefix lookups, or pruning branches early if no word can start at a certain position. Also, consider iterative DP if only the existence of a segmentation is needed.

Key Points to Mention

  • Recursive backtracking with memoization (top-down DP) to avoid redundant computations.
  • Time complexity: O(n^2 * m) where n is string length and m is average word length, but depends on number of valid sentences.
  • Space complexity: O(n * k) for memoization, where k is number of valid sentences.
  • Using a trie or hash set for O(1) or O(L) word lookups.
  • Handling overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.
  • Edge cases: empty string, no valid segmentation, and strings with many valid segmentations.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.