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abridge·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

Senior
Jun 2026

Summary

System design round at Abridge for a software engineer role, focused entirely on building an encounter tracking system from scratch. Pretty deep dive, they wanted API design, storage schema, and scaling all in one question.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design an encounter system that tracks when two entities come into contact. Cover the API design, how you'd store the data, and how the system scales as encounter volume grows.

System DesignAPI & IntegrationsData Modeling
Author's notes

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and scale, then design a clean API for encounter detection and data storage, and finally discuss scaling strategies like sharding, partitioning, and asynchronous processing. Emphasize trade-offs and how the system evolves as volume grows.

Pro tip: Demonstrate awareness of real-world constraints by discussing idempotency and exactly-once processing, and how you'd handle late-arriving or out-of-order events in a distributed system.

1. Clarify Requirements and Scale

Ask questions to understand expected encounter volume, latency needs, consistency requirements, and what constitutes an 'encounter' (e.g., proximity, duration). This sets the stage for design decisions.

2. Design the API

Define endpoints for reporting encounters, querying encounter history, and subscribing to encounter events. Consider REST vs. gRPC, and include idempotency keys for reliable ingestion.

3. Data Modeling and Storage

Choose a storage solution (e.g., time-series DB, wide-column store) that handles high write throughput and efficient time-range queries. Model encounters with entity IDs, timestamps, location, and metadata.

4. Scaling Strategy

Discuss partitioning (e.g., by time or entity), sharding, and using a message queue for asynchronous processing. Address hot partitions and how to scale reads and writes independently.

5. Trade-offs and Evolution

Summarize trade-offs (e.g., consistency vs. availability, cost vs. performance) and outline how the system can evolve, such as adding caching, tiered storage, or real-time analytics.

Key Points to Mention

  • Idempotency and deduplication to handle retries and ensure exactly-once processing
  • Choice of database (e.g., Cassandra, DynamoDB, TimescaleDB) based on write-heavy workload and query patterns
  • Partitioning and sharding strategies (e.g., by time, entity ID) to distribute load and avoid hotspots
  • Asynchronous ingestion via message queues (e.g., Kafka) to decouple producers and consumers
  • Indexing and query optimization for efficient retrieval of encounter history
  • Monitoring and alerting for system health, and handling late/out-of-order events with watermarks or event-time processing

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.