← NVIDIA Interview Insights

NVIDIA·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Apr 2026

Summary

NVIDIA coding round for a software engineer role. One algorithmic problem on grid-based tree placement, which sounds deceptively simple until you realize the constraint is basically maximum independent set dressed up in a friendlier outfit.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You're given a 2D grid where some cells already contain trees and others are empty. No two trees can be directly adjacent (up, down, left, right). What is the maximum number of new trees you can plant?

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

My first instinct was to panic internally because maximum independent set is NP-hard and I almost said that out loud.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Model the grid as a bipartite graph (checkerboard coloring) and recognize that the maximum independent set in a bipartite graph equals total vertices minus minimum vertex cover, which by König's theorem equals total vertices minus maximum matching. Since existing trees block adjacent cells, remove them and their neighbors, then compute maximum matching on the remaining grid to find the maximum number of additional trees.

Pro tip: Mention that for large grids, Hopcroft-Karp is preferred over simple DFS augmenting paths, and discuss the trade-off between exact matching and greedy heuristics for real-time systems.

1. Clarify constraints and assumptions

Ask about grid size, number of existing trees, and whether diagonal adjacency matters. Confirm that only orthogonal adjacency is prohibited.

2. Model as bipartite graph

Color the grid like a chessboard. Each empty cell is a vertex; edges connect adjacent empty cells. Existing trees and their neighbors are removed.

3. Apply König's theorem

The maximum number of non-adjacent cells (independent set) equals total empty cells minus minimum vertex cover, which equals total empty cells minus maximum matching.

4. Compute maximum matching

Use Hopcroft-Karp for O(E√V) or simpler DFS-based augmenting paths for smaller grids. Return the size of the independent set.

5. Discuss trade-offs and optimizations

Compare exact matching vs. greedy heuristics. Mention memory/time trade-offs and potential parallelization for NVIDIA GPUs.

Key Points to Mention

  • Bipartite graph representation via checkerboard coloring
  • König's theorem: max independent set = total vertices - min vertex cover = total vertices - max matching
  • Handling existing trees by removing them and their neighbors
  • Hopcroft-Karp algorithm for efficient maximum matching
  • Trade-offs between exact algorithms and greedy heuristics
  • Potential GPU acceleration for large-scale grids

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.