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Amazon·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Amazon coding screen, greedy array problem. Nothing too wild but the optimal approach took me a minute to see clearly.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You're given an array of server memory values. Pair up servers so that in each pair one is the primary and one is the backup, where the backup's memory must be at least as large as the primary's. Maximize the total memory of all primaries across all pairs.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was some kind of greedy but I spent too long second-guessing whether I needed dynamic programming.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Sort the array, then use a greedy two-pointer strategy: pair the smallest available server as primary with the smallest server that can serve as its backup, ensuring the backup is at least as large. This maximizes the sum of primaries by always assigning the smallest possible backup to each primary, leaving larger servers available as primaries.

Pro tip: Clarify edge cases upfront, such as odd-length arrays (one server left unpaired) and duplicate memory values, and discuss how your solution handles them. Also, mention that the greedy approach is optimal because any other pairing would either reduce the primary sum or violate the backup constraint.

1. Understand the problem and constraints

Restate the problem: pair servers such that in each pair, backup memory ≥ primary memory, and maximize the sum of primary memories. Ask clarifying questions about input size, duplicates, and odd-length arrays.

2. Sort the array

Sort the server memory values in non-decreasing order. This allows efficient pairing using a two-pointer technique.

3. Greedy two-pointer pairing

Use two pointers: one starting at the beginning (candidate primary) and one at the middle (candidate backup). For each primary, find the smallest backup that is ≥ primary. If found, pair them and add primary to sum; otherwise, move the primary pointer forward.

4. Compute and return the maximum sum

Sum the primaries from all valid pairs. If the array length is odd, one server remains unpaired; it cannot contribute to the sum. Return the total.

5. Analyze complexity and edge cases

State time complexity O(n log n) due to sorting, and space O(1) or O(n) depending on sorting implementation. Discuss edge cases: all equal, strictly increasing, odd length, and no valid pairs.

Key Points to Mention

  • Greedy strategy: always pair the smallest possible backup with each primary to maximize the sum of primaries.
  • Sorting is crucial for efficient pairing and ensures the greedy choice is optimal.
  • Two-pointer technique: one pointer for primaries, one for backups, moving through the sorted array.
  • Time complexity: O(n log n) due to sorting; space complexity: O(1) if in-place sort, O(n) otherwise.
  • Edge cases: odd number of servers (one unpaired), duplicates, and arrays where no valid pairs exist.
  • Proof of optimality: any other pairing would either reduce the primary sum or violate the backup constraint.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.