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Stripe·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Jun 2026

Summary

Stripe coding screen for a software engineer role. The problem was a load balancer simulation with an idempotency twist, which sounds manageable until you realize the follow-up is the whole point of the question.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You have a round-robin connection load balancer. Extend it so that calling CONNECT with an already-connected ID is idempotent: no state changes, no pointer advancement, just return the original assignment.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The base round-robin part was fine, I had that working pretty quick.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, clarify the current round-robin implementation and the meaning of 'already-connected ID'—likely a client or session ID that maps to a backend server. Then propose adding a map from ID to assigned server, checking it before advancing the round-robin pointer, and returning the stored assignment if present. Finally, discuss trade-offs like memory overhead, thread safety, and whether to expire mappings.

Pro tip: Emphasize that idempotency here is about preserving the original assignment and not disturbing the round-robin sequence, which is crucial for predictable load distribution and debugging. Mention that you'd consider making the map bounded or TTL-based to avoid unbounded memory growth in long-running services.

1. Clarify requirements and assumptions

Ask whether the ID is client-provided or generated, what 'already-connected' means (e.g., active session), and whether the mapping should persist across restarts. Confirm that idempotency means returning the same backend without side effects.

2. Design the data structure

Propose a hash map (dictionary) from connection ID to backend server index or reference. Ensure it supports O(1) lookup and insertion, and consider thread-safety if the load balancer is concurrent.

3. Modify the CONNECT logic

On CONNECT, first check if the ID exists in the map. If yes, return the stored assignment immediately. If no, perform the normal round-robin selection, store the mapping, and then return the assignment.

4. Address edge cases and lifecycle

Discuss handling of disconnections (removing the mapping), memory growth (using TTL or LRU), and concurrency (locking or lock-free structures). Also consider what happens if a backend goes down.

5. Analyze trade-offs and alternatives

Compare the map approach with alternatives like consistent hashing or storing state on the client. Discuss impacts on load balancing fairness, latency, and complexity.

Key Points to Mention

  • Idempotency: same input yields same output without side effects, preserving the original assignment.
  • Round-robin pointer must not advance on duplicate CONNECT to maintain fairness.
  • Use a hash map for O(1) lookup and insertion of ID-to-backend mappings.
  • Thread safety: use locks or concurrent data structures if the load balancer handles concurrent requests.
  • Memory management: consider TTL, LRU, or explicit cleanup on disconnect to avoid leaks.
  • Trade-offs: added state vs. statelessness, potential for stale mappings, and impact on failover.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.