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This one took me a minute to get comfortable with.
Clarify the interface and constraints, then design a stateful LineReader that buffers only the current partial line and scans each chunk for newlines. Emphasize that memory is bounded by the longest line, not the chunk size, and handle edge cases like empty chunks, trailing newlines, and EOF.
Pro tip: Explicitly state that you will not buffer entire chunks; instead, you process each chunk incrementally and only keep the current line fragment. This shows you understand the memory constraint and can avoid a common pitfall.
Ask about the chunk source (e.g., iterator, callback), whether nextLine() blocks, and how EOF is signaled. Confirm that memory should be O(L_max) where L_max is the longest line length.
Maintain a buffer for the current partial line and an index into the current chunk. On nextLine(), scan the chunk for newline characters, appending to the buffer until a newline is found or the chunk ends.
When a chunk ends without a newline, keep the partial line in the buffer and fetch the next chunk. When a newline is found, return the accumulated line and reset the buffer.
At EOF, return any remaining buffered line (if non-empty) or null/empty to signal end. Handle empty chunks, consecutive newlines (empty lines), and lines split across multiple chunks.
Explain that time is O(total characters) and memory is O(L_max). Discuss alternative designs (e.g., using a queue of chunks) and why they might violate the memory constraint.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.
The 'you don't need to minimize' part is a gift and I almost ignored it.
First, compute each person's net balance by summing all incoming and outgoing transactions. Then, separate people into debtors (negative balance) and creditors (positive balance), and greedily match debtors with creditors to settle debts until all balances are zero.
Pro tip: Clarify that the problem doesn't require minimizing transactions, so a simple greedy approach is acceptable. Mention that if minimization were required, it becomes NP-hard, showing awareness of complexity.
Iterate through all transactions and update a map of person to net balance. For each transaction (A pays B amount X), subtract X from A's balance and add X to B's balance.
Create two lists: one for people with negative balances (debtors) and one for people with positive balances (creditors). Ignore anyone with zero balance.
Use two pointers or a queue to match debtors and creditors. For each debtor, transfer the minimum of their debt and the creditor's credit, update both balances, and record the transaction.
Continue matching until all balances are zero. If a debtor or creditor still has a non-zero balance after a match, move to the next person on the opposite list.
Collect all recorded transactions from the matching process and return them as the list of payback transfers.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.