Start by clarifying the problem requirements and edge cases, then explain the binary search algorithm step-by-step, and finally implement it with clean code while analyzing time and space complexity. Emphasize the importance of correct boundary conditions and avoiding infinite loops.
Pro tip: Demonstrate maturity by discussing how binary search can be adapted to variations like finding the first/last occurrence or searching in rotated arrays, and mention potential pitfalls like integer overflow in midpoint calculation.
Ask questions to understand the input array (sorted? duplicates?), target value, and expected return (index or boolean). Confirm edge cases like empty array or target not present.
Describe binary search: maintain low and high pointers, compute mid, compare with target, and adjust pointers accordingly. Mention the invariant that the target is within the search range if present.
Write clean code with proper variable names and comments. Use low <= high loop condition and update mid as low + (high - low) / 2 to avoid overflow.
Walk through a few test cases including edge cases (empty array, single element, target at boundaries, duplicates) to verify correctness.
State that time complexity is O(log n) and space complexity is O(1) for iterative approach. Mention recursive alternative and its space cost.
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