This is one of those problems that looks like a linked list exercise but actually has a bunch of subtle edge cases that'll trip you up if you're not careful.
Start by clarifying requirements and constraints, then propose a data structure that supports O(1) navigation and optional O(1) visited checks. Walk through the design, implement core methods, and discuss trade-offs between time and space complexity.
Pro tip: Mention that you would use a doubly linked list for history and a hash set for visited URLs, but also discuss the trade-off of using a dynamic array with an index pointer for simplicity. This shows you consider both optimal and practical solutions.
Ask about expected operations, constraints (e.g., max history size, concurrency), and whether visited check is mandatory. This ensures you design the right solution.
Propose a doubly linked list for history to allow O(1) back/forward navigation, and a hash set for visited URLs for O(1) lookup. Alternatively, consider a dynamic array with an index for simplicity.
Write pseudocode for navigateTo(url), back(steps), forward(steps), and wasVisited(url). Handle edge cases like stepping beyond history bounds.
Compare time and space complexity of your chosen structures. Discuss pros and cons: linked list vs array, hash set vs tree set, and memory overhead.
Walk through example scenarios, test edge cases, and suggest optimizations like caching or lazy deletion if needed.
AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.