Recognize this as a conditional probability problem: P(Year=2019 | Profit > 8000) = P(Year=2019 and Profit > 8000) / P(Profit > 8000). Compute the numerator by counting cells in 2019 with profit > 8000, and the denominator by counting all cells with profit > 8000. Then divide and express as a probability.
Pro tip: Always clarify whether the sampling is uniform over all cells or only over cells meeting the condition; the problem states uniform over all cells, so the denominator must include all qualifying cells across all years. Also, if the table is large, mention that you'd use a script or SQL query to avoid manual errors.
Let A be the event that the year is 2019, and B be the event that profit > $8,000. We want P(A|B).
Count the number of cells where year = 2019 AND profit > 8000. This is |A ∩ B|.
Count the total number of cells where profit > 8000 across all years. This is |B|.
Divide the numerator by the denominator: P(A|B) = |A ∩ B| / |B|. If needed, convert to a percentage.
Verify that the counts are correct and that the probability is between 0 and 1. Explain the reasoning clearly, noting that the sample space is restricted to cells with profit > 8000.
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