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TikTok·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Jul 2026Remote

Summary

Frontend coding round at TikTok, basically a mini app build covering list rendering, form handling, API integration, and accessibility. More involved than I expected for a single session.

Questions Asked (4)

Q1

Build a list view that renders items from an in-memory array. CSS class names must use double underscores (BEM-style, like list__item). Single underscores will fail the tests.

Technical Trade-offs
Author's notes

The double underscore thing is easy to miss if you're not already writing BEM.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the requirements: the list is rendered from an in-memory array, and CSS class names must follow BEM with double underscores (e.g., list__item). Then outline a component-based solution that maps over the array to render items, ensuring each item has the correct class name, and discuss how you would handle dynamic updates or performance considerations.

Pro tip: Mention that you would write a quick test or use a linter to enforce the double underscore convention, showing attention to detail and proactive quality assurance. Also, briefly note that BEM naming improves maintainability and avoids style conflicts, which is crucial in large codebases like TikTok's.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Confirm that the list is rendered from an in-memory array, and that CSS class names must use double underscores (BEM-style). Ask if there are any other constraints like performance or accessibility.

2. Choose the right rendering approach

Decide between a simple map over the array or a more optimized solution (e.g., virtualized list) based on the expected size. For an in-memory array, a straightforward map is usually sufficient.

3. Implement the list component

Create a component that iterates over the array and renders each item with the correct BEM class name (e.g., `list__item`). Ensure the container has a class like `list`.

4. Handle dynamic updates and edge cases

Discuss how the component would handle changes to the array (e.g., adding/removing items) and edge cases like empty lists or duplicate keys.

5. Test and validate

Mention writing unit tests to verify that the correct class names are applied and that the list renders as expected. Consider using a linter or stylelint to enforce BEM naming.

Key Points to Mention

  • BEM naming convention: block__element--modifier, with double underscores for elements.
  • Rendering from an in-memory array: using map() in React or a similar loop in other frameworks.
  • Key prop for list items to help with reconciliation and performance.
  • Avoiding single underscores in class names to pass tests.
  • Considering performance optimizations like virtualization for large lists.
  • Writing tests to ensure class names are correct and the list behaves as expected.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Add a form to create new list items. On a failed submission (simulated 400 error), preserve the user's input and show a validation message. On success, append the new item and clear the form.

API & IntegrationsTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This is where I spent the most time.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements and assumptions, then outline a component-based solution with controlled form state, error handling, and optimistic UI updates. Emphasize preserving user input on failure and clearing on success, and discuss trade-offs like optimistic vs pessimistic updates and accessibility.

Pro tip: Demonstrate maturity by mentioning that you would use a form library like React Hook Form to manage state and validation, and that you would debounce submissions to prevent duplicate requests. Also, highlight the importance of accessible error messages with aria-live regions.

1. Clarify Requirements and Assumptions

Ask about the tech stack, API contract, and expected UX. Confirm that the 400 error is simulated and that the form should be cleared only on success.

2. Design Component and State Management

Propose a controlled form component with local state for input value, error message, and submission status. Use a form library or custom hooks for validation and submission.

3. Implement Submission Logic

On submit, send a POST request. On success, append the new item to the list and reset the form. On failure (400), keep the input value and display a validation message.

4. Handle Edge Cases and UX

Disable the submit button during submission, show loading indicators, and ensure error messages are accessible. Consider optimistic updates for better UX.

5. Discuss Trade-offs and Testing

Talk about trade-offs between optimistic and pessimistic updates, and how you would test the component with unit and integration tests.

Key Points to Mention

  • Controlled components and form state management
  • Error handling and preserving user input on failure
  • Optimistic UI updates vs waiting for server response
  • Accessibility: aria-live regions for error messages
  • Debouncing or preventing duplicate submissions
  • Testing strategies: mocking API calls and simulating errors

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q3

Fetch list data from a backend API and render it, handling loading, success, and error states. Make sure locally added items don't get duplicated when server data comes back.

API & IntegrationsSystem Design
Author's notes

The deduplication part is what tripped me up.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by outlining the component's state machine (loading, success, error) and how you'll fetch data with proper cleanup. Then explain your rendering logic, emphasizing how you merge server data with local items using unique IDs to prevent duplicates. Finally, discuss edge cases like race conditions and optimistic updates.

Pro tip: Mention using a stable unique identifier (like a UUID) for locally added items and a merge strategy that deduplicates by ID, rather than relying on array position or deep equality. This shows you understand real-world data synchronization challenges.

1. Define state and lifecycle

Identify the states: loading, success, error, and possibly refreshing. Plan how to trigger the fetch (e.g., useEffect) and handle cleanup to avoid memory leaks.

2. Fetch and handle responses

Describe the API call, including error handling and loading indicators. Mention using async/await or promises with try/catch.

3. Render based on state

Explain conditional rendering: show spinner during loading, error message on failure, and the list on success. Ensure the UI is responsive and accessible.

4. Merge local and server data

Detail how to combine locally added items with server data without duplicates. Use unique IDs and a merge function that prioritizes local items or updates them if they exist on the server.

5. Address edge cases

Discuss race conditions (e.g., multiple fetches), optimistic updates, and how to handle server-side changes to locally added items.

Key Points to Mention

  • State management for loading, success, and error states
  • Using unique identifiers (UUIDs) for locally added items
  • Deduplication strategy when merging server data (e.g., by ID)
  • Handling race conditions and aborting stale requests
  • Optimistic UI updates and rollback on failure
  • Cleanup in useEffect to prevent memory leaks

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q4

Walk through your approach to accessibility (labels tied to inputs, correct button types), idempotent updates, predictable re-renders, event handling, state management, error handling, file/component structure, and how you'd test all of this.

System DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This felt like five questions crammed into one.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Structure your answer around a real or hypothetical component you've built, walking through each concern in a logical order from structure to testing. Emphasize trade-offs and how you balance accessibility, performance, and maintainability. Conclude with how you'd test each aspect to ensure reliability.

Pro tip: Tie each point back to user impact and business value—e.g., accessibility improves SEO and broadens audience, idempotent updates prevent duplicate charges. This shows you think beyond code.

1. Component Structure and Accessibility

Start by describing how you organize files and components for clarity and reuse. Then explain how you ensure accessibility with proper labels, button types, and ARIA attributes where needed.

2. State Management and Predictable Re-renders

Discuss your approach to managing state locally and globally, and how you avoid unnecessary re-renders using memoization, selectors, or immutable updates.

3. Idempotent Updates and Event Handling

Explain how you design update operations to be idempotent (e.g., using unique IDs, debouncing, or server-side checks) and how you handle events efficiently with delegation or synthetic events.

4. Error Handling and Testing Strategy

Describe your error handling patterns (error boundaries, try-catch, user feedback) and how you test each layer: unit tests for logic, integration tests for interactions, and E2E tests for critical flows.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use semantic HTML and ARIA roles; ensure all interactive elements are keyboard accessible and have proper labels.
  • Implement idempotent updates with unique request IDs or versioning to prevent duplicate submissions.
  • Optimize re-renders using React.memo, useMemo, useCallback, and avoid inline object/array props.
  • Handle events with delegation where appropriate and clean up listeners to prevent memory leaks.
  • Structure components by feature or domain, keeping presentational and container components separate.
  • Test with tools like Jest, React Testing Library, and Cypress; include accessibility tests with axe.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.