← Meta Interview Insights

Meta·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
May 2026

Summary

Meta data engineer interview, SQL-heavy technical screen that ran in two parts. Part B was the one that actually stressed me out: you get the query results and have to find what's wrong with the data, no tools allowed.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Given the output of a SQL query, identify all data quality issues present in the results, such as negative values in fields that should never be negative, unexpected NULLs, duplicate rows from a join, or timestamps outside a valid range.

Root Cause AnalysisProduct Analytics & MetricsTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

This was the part I underestimated.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by systematically scanning the query output for anomalies across all columns, categorizing issues by type (e.g., negative values, NULLs, duplicates, out-of-range timestamps). Then, for each issue, explain its potential impact on downstream analysis and suggest validation rules or query fixes to prevent recurrence.

Pro tip: Demonstrate a proactive mindset by not only identifying issues but also proposing automated data quality checks (e.g., dbt tests or Great Expectations) to catch these issues in the pipeline before they reach analysts.

1. Understand the data and expected constraints

Review the query and schema to determine what values are valid for each column (e.g., non-negative for counts, non-null for IDs, unique for primary keys, timestamps within a plausible range).

2. Scan for obvious anomalies

Visually inspect the output for negative numbers, NULLs in unexpected places, duplicate rows, and timestamps that are clearly out of range (e.g., future dates or before system launch).

3. Quantify and categorize issues

Count how many rows are affected by each issue and group them by type to prioritize the most severe or widespread problems.

4. Trace root causes

For each issue, hypothesize potential causes in the query logic (e.g., incorrect join causing duplicates, missing filter causing negative values from refunds) or upstream data sources.

5. Recommend fixes and preventive measures

Suggest immediate query corrections (e.g., adding DISTINCT, COALESCE, or WHERE clauses) and long-term solutions like data validation tests or monitoring alerts.

Key Points to Mention

  • Negative values in fields like counts or revenue, which may indicate refunds, data entry errors, or aggregation mistakes.
  • Unexpected NULLs in columns that should be non-null, possibly due to outer joins or missing data.
  • Duplicate rows from many-to-many joins or lack of deduplication, which can inflate metrics.
  • Timestamps outside a valid range (e.g., future dates, dates before system launch, or timezone issues).
  • Impact on downstream analysis: how these issues could skew metrics, reports, or machine learning models.
  • Preventive measures: implementing data quality checks, constraints, and monitoring in the ETL pipeline.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

After identifying the data quality issues, update the query to handle them correctly using filters, COALESCE, deduplication logic, or validation checks, and explain how you would surface these issues in a production environment.

System DesignData ModelingRoot Cause Analysis
Author's notes

Knew the fixes mechanically but stumbled a bit explaining the production monitoring angle.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clearly stating the data quality issues you identified, then walk through the updated query step by step, explaining how each filter, COALESCE, deduplication, or validation check addresses a specific issue. Finally, describe how you would surface these issues in production using logging, metrics, and alerts, emphasizing proactive monitoring and root cause analysis.

Pro tip: Demonstrate a production mindset by discussing not just how to handle issues in the query but also how to prevent them upstream, such as adding data validation at ingestion and setting up automated alerts for anomalies.

1. Summarize Data Quality Issues

Briefly recap the data quality issues you found (e.g., nulls, duplicates, invalid values) to set the context for your query updates.

2. Update Query with Handling Logic

Explain the specific SQL changes: use WHERE filters to exclude invalid rows, COALESCE to handle nulls, window functions or DISTINCT for deduplication, and CASE statements for validation checks.

3. Explain Rationale for Each Change

For each modification, describe why it's necessary and how it improves data quality, ensuring the query remains performant and correct.

4. Surface Issues in Production

Describe how you would log data quality issues, emit metrics (e.g., count of nulls, duplicates), and set up alerts to notify the team when thresholds are exceeded.

5. Propose Preventive Measures

Suggest upstream validation, data contracts, or automated tests to prevent similar issues from occurring in the future.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use of COALESCE for null handling and default values
  • Deduplication techniques like ROW_NUMBER() or DISTINCT
  • Validation checks with CASE statements or constraints
  • Logging and monitoring for data quality metrics
  • Alerting thresholds and integration with incident management
  • Root cause analysis and preventive measures like data contracts

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.