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Netflix·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture·Senior

SeniorPrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Netflix system design round focused on a pretty specific rendering problem I hadn't thought about before. The question had more layers than I expected and I felt like I only got about 70% of the way there before time ran out.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Design the algorithm and data structures needed to ensure that when a user's Netflix homepage loads, all the shows visible on the first screen (across every visible row and column) are unique, with no duplicates. Walk through your approach, the trade-offs involved, and how you'd communicate your decisions.

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem DesignTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just throw a set at it and call it done.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem scope and constraints, then propose a greedy algorithm that processes rows in order, using a hash set to track seen show IDs and selecting the first unseen show for each position. Discuss trade-offs like greedy vs. optimal, and how to handle edge cases such as insufficient unique shows.

Pro tip: Emphasize that the greedy approach is optimal for maximizing uniqueness per row and that a hash set gives O(1) lookups, but also mention fallback strategies like allowing duplicates or showing placeholders when unique shows run out.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Ask about the number of rows and columns, whether shows can be repeated across different screens, and if there's a limit on fetching unique shows. Confirm that the goal is to avoid duplicates only on the first screen.

2. Design Data Structures

Use a hash set to track show IDs already placed on the screen for O(1) membership checks. Maintain a list of candidate shows per row (e.g., from recommendations) and possibly a global pool of unique shows.

3. Develop the Algorithm

Process rows sequentially. For each row, iterate through its candidate shows and pick the first one not in the seen set, adding it to the row and the set. If no unique show is available, decide on a fallback (e.g., allow duplicate, show placeholder, or fetch more).

4. Analyze Trade-offs

Discuss time complexity (O(N) where N is total candidates), space complexity (O(K) for seen set), and trade-offs between strict uniqueness and user experience (e.g., showing fewer items vs. duplicates).

5. Communicate Decisions and Edge Cases

Explain why greedy works for this use case, how you'd handle insufficient unique shows, and how the solution scales with large catalogs. Mention potential optimizations like pre-filtering or caching.

Key Points to Mention

  • Use a hash set for O(1) duplicate detection.
  • Greedy algorithm processes rows in order and picks first unseen show.
  • Trade-off: strict uniqueness may lead to empty slots or fallback duplicates.
  • Time complexity O(N) and space O(K) where K is unique shows on screen.
  • Edge case: not enough unique shows to fill all positions.
  • Scalability: consider distributed caching or precomputed unique sets for large user bases.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.