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Early-stage Startup·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Jun 2026

Summary

Coding interview where I had to implement tic tac toe and then extend it to ultimate tic tac toe. Knew the material, still fumbled it badly.

Questions Asked (2)

Q1

Implement tic tac toe programmatically.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My brain went straight to DFS across the board and the interviewer had to pull me back and tell me to just do it iteratively.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying requirements: board size, win condition, and whether it's a single game or multiple rounds. Then design a clean object-oriented solution with separate classes for Board, Player, and Game, using a 2D array for the board and checking for wins after each move. Focus on writing modular, testable code and discuss potential optimizations like early termination or bitboard representation.

Pro tip: Demonstrate production thinking by mentioning input validation, handling edge cases like a full board draw, and suggesting unit tests for win detection. Also, briefly discuss how you'd extend the design for an AI opponent or larger board, showing foresight and scalability.

1. Clarify Requirements

Ask about board size (standard 3x3?), win condition (3 in a row?), number of players, and whether the game should support AI or just human players. Confirm if the program needs a UI or just the core logic.

2. Design Data Structures

Choose a representation for the board (e.g., 2D array of chars or integers) and define classes like Board, Player, and Game. Consider using enums for cell states (X, O, EMPTY) and a list to track moves for undo functionality.

3. Implement Core Logic

Write methods for placing a move, checking for a win (rows, columns, diagonals), and detecting a draw. Ensure the game loop alternates turns and validates moves (e.g., cell not already taken).

4. Test and Handle Edge Cases

Mention writing unit tests for win conditions, draw scenarios, and invalid moves. Discuss handling a full board, early termination when a player wins, and input validation.

5. Discuss Extensions and Optimizations

Talk about how to extend the design for an AI player (minimax), larger boards, or a GUI. Mention potential optimizations like bitboards for win checking or using a 1D array for efficiency.

Key Points to Mention

  • Object-oriented design with separation of concerns (Board, Player, Game classes)
  • Efficient win detection by checking only rows, columns, and diagonals affected by the last move
  • Handling edge cases: draw when board is full, invalid moves, and early termination
  • Writing unit tests for win conditions and game flow
  • Extensibility: supporting AI opponents, different board sizes, or a GUI
  • Time and space complexity: O(1) for win check on 3x3 board, O(n^2) for board initialization

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.

Q2

Extend your tic tac toe implementation to support ultimate tic tac toe (a 3x3 grid of tic tac toe boards).

Algorithms & Data StructuresSystem Design
Author's notes

Completely blanked when this came up.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the rules and scope, then outline a data model that generalizes the existing tic-tac-toe board to a 3x3 grid of sub-boards. Discuss the game state representation, move validation, win detection, and how to handle the 'send to board' mechanic, emphasizing modularity and testability.

Pro tip: Mention that you would write unit tests for edge cases like a sub-board being won but not closed, or a player being sent to a full board, to demonstrate thoroughness and reliability—key for early-stage startups where code quality matters.

1. Clarify Requirements and Constraints

Ask about specific rules: how the next board is determined, what happens if sent to a completed board, and win conditions. Confirm whether the implementation should be object-oriented or functional, and any performance considerations.

2. Design Data Structures

Propose a Board class that contains a 3x3 array of sub-boards (each a standard tic-tac-toe board) and a meta-board tracking the status of each sub-board. Include state for current player, active sub-board, and overall game status.

3. Implement Move Validation and Game Logic

Detail how to validate moves: check if the target sub-board is active and not completed, and if the cell is empty. Update the active sub-board based on the move's cell position, handling cases where the target sub-board is already won or full.

4. Win Detection and Game End

Explain how to detect wins in sub-boards and then in the meta-board. After each move, check if the sub-board is won and update the meta-board; then check if the meta-board has a winner or if the game is a draw.

5. Testing and Extensibility

Outline a testing strategy covering normal moves, edge cases (e.g., forced moves to completed boards), and win conditions. Mention how the design allows for future extensions like AI players or different board sizes.

Key Points to Mention

  • Representation of the nested board structure (e.g., 3x3 array of 3x3 arrays or objects)
  • State management for active sub-board and overall game status
  • Move validation rules specific to ultimate tic-tac-toe (e.g., must play in active sub-board unless it's completed)
  • Win detection at both sub-board and meta-board levels, including handling of draws
  • Edge cases: playing in a completed sub-board, sending opponent to a full board, and tie games
  • Modularity and testability: separating game logic from UI, and writing unit tests for core functions

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.