← Amazon Interview Insights

Amazon·Software Engineer·Onsite - Coding / Algorithms·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Amazon SWE coding round with a string manipulation problem that looks deceptively simple until you actually try to figure out the minimum flips needed.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

You're given a binary string (containing only 0s and 1s). A 'good' string is one that has no subsequence matching the pattern '010' or '101'. Each operation lets you flip a single character (0 to 1 or 1 to 0). What's the minimum number of operations to make the string 'good'?

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

My first instinct was to scan for those patterns and greedily flip, but that falls apart pretty fast because fixing one occurrence can create another.

Create a free account to read the full note

AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

First, recognize that a 'good' string must avoid alternating subsequences of length 3, which implies the string must be of the form 0*1*0* or 1*0*1* (i.e., at most two transitions). Then, compute the minimum flips to transform the given string into each of these two patterns by counting mismatches, and return the smaller count.

Pro tip: Clarify that 'subsequence' means not necessarily contiguous, and mention that the optimal good string has at most two blocks of identical characters. This shows you understand the structural constraint and can avoid brute-force.

1. Understand the condition

Explain that avoiding '010' and '101' as subsequences means the string cannot have three alternating characters in order. Thus, the string must be of the form 0*1*0* or 1*0*1*.

2. Identify candidate patterns

List the two possible patterns: all 0s then all 1s then all 0s (0*1*0*), and all 1s then all 0s then all 1s (1*0*1*). Note that these include strings with fewer than three blocks.

3. Compute flips for each pattern

For each pattern, count the minimum number of character flips needed to transform the given string into that pattern. This can be done by trying all possible split points between the blocks.

4. Optimize the computation

Use prefix sums to efficiently compute the number of flips for each split point in O(n) time, avoiding O(n^2) brute force.

5. Return the minimum

Compare the minimum flips for both patterns and return the smaller value as the answer.

Key Points to Mention

  • Definition of subsequence (non-contiguous) and why it matters.
  • Structural characterization: good strings have at most two transitions (0*1*0* or 1*0*1*).
  • Brute-force approach: try all possible split points for the three blocks.
  • Optimization using prefix sums to achieve O(n) time complexity.
  • Edge cases: strings already good (0 flips), all same characters, length less than 3.
  • Time and space complexity analysis: O(n) time, O(n) space (or O(1) with careful implementation).

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.