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Instacart·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Instacart coding screen, pretty focused on data manipulation and some light system design thinking. The problem itself wasn't crazy hard but the edge cases tripped me up a bit.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a method that returns the top N employees who have accumulated the most total time in the office.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

Went straight to a max-heap and sorted by total duration per worker.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the input format (e.g., list of employee records with employee ID and duration) and define 'total time' as the sum of durations per employee. Then use a hash map to aggregate total time per employee, and a min-heap of size N to efficiently find the top N employees, or sort the aggregated list if N is large relative to the number of employees.

Pro tip: Discuss trade-offs between sorting and heap-based selection, and mention that for very large datasets, a distributed approach (e.g., MapReduce) might be needed. Also, consider edge cases like ties and invalid data.

1. Clarify requirements and assumptions

Ask about input format, definition of 'total time', handling of ties, and expected size of data. Confirm whether N is small or large relative to the number of employees.

2. Design the aggregation step

Use a hash map to accumulate total time per employee by iterating through the records. This gives O(M) time where M is number of records.

3. Select top N efficiently

If N is small, use a min-heap of size N to keep track of the top N employees while iterating through the aggregated map. If N is large, sort the aggregated list in descending order and take the first N.

4. Handle edge cases and ties

Decide how to break ties (e.g., by employee ID or arbitrary). Ensure the method handles cases where there are fewer than N employees, or when N is zero.

5. Analyze complexity and discuss optimizations

State time and space complexity: O(M + K log N) with heap (K = number of unique employees) or O(M + K log K) with sorting. Mention potential optimizations like using a quickselect algorithm for O(K) average time.

Key Points to Mention

  • Hash map for aggregation
  • Min-heap for top N selection
  • Time complexity: O(M + K log N) vs O(M + K log K)
  • Space complexity: O(K)
  • Handling ties and edge cases
  • Scalability considerations for large datasets

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.