Netflix·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture
Jun 2026
Netflix system design round, one big question that sprawled in every direction. The core prompt was about ad frequency capping but it kept branching into consistency models, failure modes, pipeline lag, the works. Came out unsure whether I'd gone deep enough on the right things.
- Design a frequency capping system for an ad platform that limits how often a user sees a given ad or campaign within configurable time windows.
- How would your design change at 100x the current scale, especially if a single campaign or user becomes a hot key on one counter shard?
- A campaign requires exact enforcement with zero overshoot allowed. What changes in your design, and what does that cost?
- Your aggregation pipeline falls several hours behind. How do you detect that, how does serving degrade gracefully, and how do you recover accurate counts afterward?
- An ad is selected and a slot is reserved, but the ad never actually renders because the user scrolls away or the page is abandoned. How do you prevent over-counting those impressions?
“My instinct was to reach for Redis and call it a day, but the interviewer kept poking at the read vs write separation angle and I realized I'd conflated two pretty different workloads.” The rest of the author's notes on Software Engineer interview at Netflix, Onsite - System Design / Architecture round, covers how they worked through the question, what the panel pushed back on, and what they would do differently.
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