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MongoDB·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
May 2026

Summary

Got a coding question at MongoDB for a software engineer role that was deceptively simple on the surface but had a few edge cases worth thinking through carefully.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Implement a 'union iterator' that takes two sorted, duplicate-free iterators as input and produces a single sorted output with no duplicates, merging values that appear in both into just one.

Algorithms & Data StructuresTechnical Trade-offs
Author's notes

My first instinct was to just dump everything into a set and sort it, which works but completely misses the point.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem: the inputs are sorted, duplicate-free iterators, and the output should be a sorted iterator with no duplicates. Then describe a two-pointer merge approach that compares the current values from each iterator, advances the one with the smaller value, and when values are equal, advances both and emits one copy. Emphasize that the solution should be lazy (iterator-based) and handle edge cases like one iterator being exhausted.

Pro tip: Mention that this is essentially a merge step of merge sort with deduplication, and highlight that the iterator interface requires lazy evaluation to avoid materializing the entire input. Also, proactively discuss how you would test it with edge cases like empty iterators, one iterator being a subset of the other, and interleaved values.

1. Clarify requirements and constraints

Confirm that inputs are sorted and duplicate-free, output must be sorted and duplicate-free, and the solution should be lazy (iterator-based). Ask about the iterator interface (e.g., hasNext(), next()) and whether inputs can be empty.

2. Outline the two-pointer merge strategy

Explain that you will maintain the current value from each iterator. At each step, compare the two values: if one is smaller, emit it and advance that iterator; if equal, emit one copy and advance both.

3. Handle edge cases and iterator exhaustion

Describe how to handle when one iterator is exhausted: simply emit the remaining values from the other iterator. Also handle the case where both are exhausted by signaling the end of iteration.

4. Discuss complexity and trade-offs

State that time complexity is O(n + m) where n and m are the lengths of the input iterators, and space complexity is O(1) extra space (excluding the output). Mention that the lazy approach avoids storing all elements in memory.

5. Provide a code sketch or pseudocode

Walk through a simple implementation in pseudocode or a language of choice, showing the main loop and the handling of equal values and exhaustion.

Key Points to Mention

  • Two-pointer technique for merging sorted sequences
  • Lazy evaluation to support infinite or large streams
  • Deduplication when values are equal
  • Time complexity O(n + m) and space complexity O(1)
  • Edge cases: empty iterators, one iterator exhausted, all duplicates
  • Comparison to merge step in merge sort and set union operation

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.