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Bytedance·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
Jul 2026

Summary

Bytedance software engineer interview with a scheduling problem that looks easy until you actually have to implement it clean under pressure.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an array of meeting time intervals, find the minimum number of conference rooms needed so no two meetings overlap.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I knew this problem but fumbled the heap approach mid-explanation and ended up describing the two-pointer sort trick instead.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify the problem constraints, then propose a solution using a min-heap to track meeting end times. Sort intervals by start time, iterate through them, and for each meeting, if the earliest ending meeting has ended, reuse that room; otherwise allocate a new room. The heap size at the end gives the minimum number of rooms.

Pro tip: Mention that this is equivalent to finding the maximum number of overlapping intervals, and that the heap approach is optimal with O(n log n) time. Also, discuss edge cases like empty input and back-to-back meetings (where end time equals start time) to show thoroughness.

1. Understand the problem

Restate the problem to ensure clarity: given a list of intervals, determine the minimum number of rooms required so that no two meetings overlap. Confirm whether intervals are half-open (e.g., [start, end)) and if back-to-back meetings are allowed.

2. Choose an approach

Decide between sorting-based approaches (e.g., sweep line) or heap-based. Explain that sorting by start time and using a min-heap of end times efficiently tracks room availability.

3. Walk through the algorithm

Describe step-by-step: sort intervals by start time; initialize a min-heap; for each interval, if the heap is not empty and the earliest end time <= current start, pop the heap; push the current end time; the heap size is the answer.

4. Analyze complexity

State that sorting takes O(n log n) and each heap operation takes O(log n), leading to O(n log n) overall time and O(n) space in the worst case.

5. Test with examples

Run through a simple example, such as [[0,30],[5,10],[15,20]], to demonstrate the algorithm and verify the output (2 rooms). Also consider edge cases like empty input or all meetings overlapping.

Key Points to Mention

  • Sorting intervals by start time to process meetings chronologically.
  • Using a min-heap to efficiently track the earliest ending meeting.
  • The condition for reusing a room: earliest end time <= current start time.
  • Time complexity: O(n log n) due to sorting and heap operations.
  • Space complexity: O(n) for the heap in the worst case.
  • Edge cases: empty input, single meeting, back-to-back meetings (end == start).

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.