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Bytedance·Machine Learning Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Senior

Senior
Apr 2026

Summary

Bytedance ML engineer interview had at least one coding round with a classic dynamic programming problem. Nothing too exotic but the expected solution has a subtle twist that's easy to fumble under pressure.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an integer array, find the contiguous subarray with the largest product and return that product.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

The naive approach of just tracking a running max will burn you the second you hit a negative number.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Use dynamic programming to track both the maximum and minimum product ending at each position, because a negative number can turn a minimum into a maximum. Iterate through the array, updating these values and the global maximum product. This yields an O(n) time, O(1) space solution.

Pro tip: Clarify edge cases upfront, such as empty array, zeros, and negative numbers, and mention that the algorithm handles them naturally. Also, briefly discuss why a brute-force approach is inefficient and how your solution optimizes it.

1. Understand the problem and edge cases

Confirm the definition of subarray (contiguous) and discuss edge cases like empty array, single element, zeros, and negative numbers.

2. Identify the need for tracking both max and min

Explain that because multiplying by a negative flips sign, we must keep track of both the maximum and minimum product ending at the current position.

3. Design the DP state and transition

Define max_prod and min_prod as the max/min product of subarrays ending at the current index. Update them using the current number and the previous max/min.

4. Iterate and update global maximum

Traverse the array, update max_prod and min_prod, and keep a running global maximum of max_prod.

5. Analyze complexity and test

State O(n) time and O(1) space. Walk through a small example to verify correctness.

Key Points to Mention

  • Dynamic programming approach with O(n) time and O(1) space
  • Tracking both maximum and minimum product due to sign flips
  • Handling zeros by resetting the product
  • Edge cases: empty array, single element, all negatives
  • Comparison with brute-force O(n^2) or O(n^3) approaches
  • Potential follow-up: return the subarray itself, not just the product

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.