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Bytedance·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

IntermediatePrefer not to say
May 2026

Summary

Bytedance SWE interview with a tricky binary search problem that looks straightforward until you actually have to implement the counting step under pressure.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an integer array of length n and an integer k, find the kth smallest subarray sum.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I knew binary search on the answer was the right direction pretty fast, but the part that tripped me up was implementing the two-pointer count of subarrays with sum at or below the midpoint.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Clarify that the problem asks for the kth smallest sum among all contiguous subarrays. Then propose a solution using binary search on the answer combined with a sliding window or prefix sums to count how many subarrays have sum ≤ mid, adjusting the search range until the kth smallest is found. Discuss time complexity and edge cases.

Pro tip: Mention that if all numbers are positive, the count function can be done in O(n) with two pointers; otherwise, you need a more complex approach like merge sort or Fenwick tree. Also, note that the answer can be negative, so binary search bounds must be set carefully.

1. Clarify the problem

Confirm that subarrays are contiguous and that we need the kth smallest sum among all n(n+1)/2 subarrays. Ask about constraints (n, k, value range) to determine the optimal approach.

2. Choose an approach

For positive numbers, use binary search on the sum value with a sliding window to count subarrays with sum ≤ mid. For general integers, consider binary search with prefix sums and a Fenwick tree or merge sort to count efficiently.

3. Implement the count function

Given a target sum X, count how many subarrays have sum ≤ X. For positive numbers, use two pointers; for general numbers, use prefix sums and a data structure to count pairs (i, j) with prefix[j] - prefix[i] ≤ X.

4. Binary search the answer

Set low to the minimum possible subarray sum (e.g., min element or sum of negatives) and high to the maximum possible sum (e.g., sum of positives). While low < high, compute mid, count subarrays ≤ mid, and adjust low/high based on whether count ≥ k.

5. Analyze complexity and edge cases

State time complexity: O(n log n log S) for general case, O(n log S) for positive numbers. Discuss edge cases: k=1, k=n(n+1)/2, all negative numbers, large n, and integer overflow.

Key Points to Mention

  • Binary search on the answer space (subarray sum range).
  • Counting subarrays with sum ≤ mid using sliding window (for positive numbers) or prefix sums with Fenwick tree/merge sort (for general numbers).
  • Time complexity analysis: O(n log n log S) or O(n log S) depending on approach.
  • Handling negative numbers and setting correct binary search bounds.
  • Edge cases: k=1, k=max, all negative, large input sizes.
  • Space complexity and potential optimizations.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.