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Bytedance·Software Engineer·Technical Phone Screen·Intermediate

Intermediate
Apr 2026

Summary

Bytedance software engineer interview with a classic arrays problem. Nothing too exotic but the execution details matter more than you'd expect.

Questions Asked (1)

Q1

Given an integer array, find all unique triplets that sum to zero.

Algorithms & Data Structures
Author's notes

I knew the sort-then-two-pointer approach going in, but the duplicate-skipping logic is where I always fumble a bit.

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AI HintsAI Generated

Suggested Approach

Start by clarifying the problem constraints (e.g., array size, duplicates, expected time complexity). Then propose the optimal O(n^2) solution: sort the array and use a two-pointer technique for each fixed element, skipping duplicates to ensure uniqueness. Discuss trade-offs with brute force and hash-based approaches.

Pro tip: Mention that sorting enables efficient duplicate skipping and two-pointer search, and that the O(n^2) time complexity is optimal for this problem since the output can be O(n^2) in the worst case. Also, handle edge cases like arrays with fewer than 3 elements.

1. Clarify and Confirm

Ask about input size, duplicate handling, and expected time/space complexity. Confirm that triplets must be unique and indices cannot be reused.

2. Outline Approaches

Briefly describe brute force O(n^3), hash map O(n^2) with extra space, and the optimal sort + two-pointer O(n^2) with O(1) extra space (excluding output).

3. Detail Optimal Solution

Explain: sort the array; for each index i, skip duplicates; use two pointers left=i+1 and right=n-1 to find pairs summing to -nums[i]; skip duplicates for left and right.

4. Analyze Complexity

State time complexity O(n^2) due to nested loops, and space complexity O(1) extra (or O(n) if counting sorting space).

5. Test with Examples

Walk through a small example like [-1,0,1,2,-1,-4] to demonstrate correctness and duplicate handling.

Key Points to Mention

  • Sorting the array to enable two-pointer technique and duplicate skipping.
  • Two-pointer approach for each fixed element to find pairs summing to its negation.
  • Skipping duplicates for the fixed element and for left/right pointers to ensure unique triplets.
  • Time complexity O(n^2) and space complexity O(1) extra (or O(n) due to sorting).
  • Edge cases: array length < 3, all zeros, no valid triplets.
  • Comparison with hash map approach: O(n^2) time but O(n) space, and potential duplicate handling issues.

AI-generated suggestions, not part of the candidate's original notes. May be inaccurate — verify before relying on them.