Capital One·Software Engineer·Onsite - System Design / Architecture
May 2026
Capital One system design round for a software engineer role, centered entirely on building a financial ledger service from scratch. Pretty intense for a single session, they wanted everything: data model, API, concurrency, scaling, the works.
- Design a backend service for storing and updating user account balances, supporting deposit, withdrawal, transfer, and balance lookup, with correctness, high availability, and high write throughput as core requirements.
- How would you handle idempotency for operations that clients might retry, like deposits or transfers?
- How do you ensure no lost updates or double-spends under high concurrency?
- How would you provide auditability, meaning the ability to reconstruct how any account balance was derived at any point in time?
- Walk me through your sharding or partitioning strategy for scaling writes across many concurrent transactions.
- What replication and failover strategy would you use to meet the high availability requirement?
- What key metrics would you monitor, and what failure modes are you most worried about?
“This is basically 'design a bank' and I underestimated how much ground they wanted to cover.” The rest of the author's notes on Software Engineer interview at Capital One, Onsite - System Design / Architecture round, covers how they worked through the question, what the panel pushed back on, and what they would do differently.
View Post